Urology domain
Stone and endourology
Extracorporeal, retrograde and percutaneous treatment of urinary stones.
Stones & endourology core
Cystolitholapaxy and bladder stone removal
Fragmentation and evacuation of bladder calculi through transurethral or percutaneous access, with open removal retained for selected burdens or anatomy.
5 variations Transurethral cystolitholapaxy · Laser cystolithotripsy · Percutaneous cystolitholapaxy · more
7 complication modules
Stones & endourology intermediate
Flexible ureterorenoscopy and retrograde intrarenal surgery
Retrograde flexible endoscopy of the proximal ureter and collecting system for intrarenal stone fragmentation, extraction and selected diagnostic work.
5 variations Sheathless flexible URS · Access-sheath RIRS · Dusting RIRS · more
7 complication modules
Stones & endourology advanced
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous renal access, tract dilation and nephroscopic fragmentation or extraction of renal stone burden.
6 variations Standard-tract PCNL · Miniaturised PCNL · Supine PCNL · more
8 complication modules
Stones & endourology core
Semirigid ureteroscopy and ureteric stone treatment
Retrograde direct-vision access to the ureter with a semirigid ureteroscope for stone fragmentation or extraction.
4 variations Semirigid URS with basket extraction · Semirigid URS with laser lithotripsy · Emergency drainage-first URS · more
7 complication modules
Stones & endourology core
Shock-wave lithotripsy
Non-incisional fragmentation of selected renal or ureteric calculi using externally generated shock waves focused on the stone.
4 variations Fluoroscopy-targeted SWL · Ultrasound-targeted SWL · Stented SWL pathway · more
7 complication modules